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E-Bike Classifications & Rules

To legally qualify as an electric-assisted bicycle (e-bike) in Washington, a vehicle must feature two or three wheels, a saddle, fully operational pedals for human propulsion, and a motor of 750 watts or less.

E-bikes are split into three distinct classes:

• Class 1: Pedal-assist only; the motor stops providing assistance when the bike reaches 20 mph.
• Class 2: Throttle-assisted (can be propelled by the motor alone); the motor stops assisting at 20 mph.
• Class 3: Pedal-assist only; the motor stops assisting at 28 mph.

Where You Can Ride

• Class 1 & Class 2: Generally permitted anywhere traditional bicycles are allowed, including roads, bike lanes, and multi-use paths (subject to local municipal ordinances).
• Class 3: Restricted from standard shared-use paths, sidewalks, and natural soft-surface trails unless explicitly permitted by local authority. Riders must be at least 16 years old.

E-Bikes vs. Electric Motorcycles (E-Motos)

Under the updated 2026 law, any two-wheeled electric vehicle that exceeds 750 watts, can exceed 20 mph on motor power alone without pedaling, or fails to meet standard e-bike criteria is legally classified as an electric motorcycle or e-moto.

• Age Limits: Children under 16 are strictly prohibited from riding electric motorcycles on public streets and city property.
• Licensing & Registration: Operators over 16 riding an e-motorcycle must hold a valid driver's license with a motorcycle endorsement, wear a motorcycle helmet, and the vehicle must be registered with the Department of Licensing with a valid license plate and insurance.
• Where Prohibited: E-motorcycles are banned from sidewalks, pedestrian paths, and non-motorized park/bike trails.

Electric Scooters (E-Scooters)

• Definition: Motorized foot scooters generally feature a floorboard, a handlebar, and an electric motor capable of speeds up to 15–20 mph.
• Local Control: Washington State allows local jurisdictions (cities and counties) to regulate where e-scooters can be operated.
• General Operation: Where permitted by local laws, they are typically allowed on streets with speed limits up to 25–35 mph and on bike lanes. They are generally banned from sidewalks in business districts unless a local ordinance allows it. Riders should always check specific municipal rules for cities like Seattle, Spokane, or Tacoma, as local rules supersede general state defaults.